The 2010 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Pediatric Task Force has updated the 2005 treatment recommendations for pediatric resuscitation. Highlights include the following:

. Initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if there are no signs of life and a pulse is not palpated within
10 seconds.
. Provide conventional CPR (chest compressions with rescue breathing).
. Compress at least one third of the anterior-posterior dimension of the chest.Modify or discontinue cricoid
pressure if it impedes preintubation ventilation or intubation.
. Monitor capnography to confirm endotracheal tube position, recognizing that end-tidal CO2 in infants and
children might be below detectable limits for colorimetric devices (85% sensitivity and 100% specificity).
. Consider use of an esophageal detector device in children weighing >20 kg.
. Use capnography monitoring to assess effectiveness of chest compressions.
. Avoid excessive ventilation, which can decrease cerebral perfusion pressure, rates of return of
spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and survival rates.
. After ROSC, titrate oxygen concentration to limit the risk for toxic oxygen byproducts.
. For pediatric septic shock, include therapy directed at normalizing central venous oxygen saturation to
70%.
. Do not routinely use bicarbonate or calcium for pediatric cardiac arrest: Both agents are associated with
decreased survival.
. Consider using cuffed tracheal tubes in infants and young children; cuff pressure should not exceed 25 cm
H2O. Appropriate sized tubes by age are as follows:
— 3 mm for age 1 year
— 3.5 mm for age 1–2 years
— Age in years/4 + 3.5 mm for age >2 years